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The technique has been applied to determine the dynamics of protein and lipid moieties in Synechocystis cells and in higher-plant thylakoid membranes (Szalontai et al. With Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, molecular information of protein carbonyls and lipids can be obtained from heterogeneous membranes, but has to be extracted from band fitting of broad FTIR absorbance spectra. Complementary techniques that can resolve conformational structures and dynamics to the molecular level inside physiological membranes or whole cells are still challenging. Fluorescence techniques have been developed for functional analysis of whole membranes, cells, or leaves, probing the dynamic nature of light harvesting in vivo in molecular detail (Lambrev et al. The underlying regulation mechanisms have to be understood to the molecular level to gather central knowledge that can be used to increase plant stress tolerance or design algae species with improved solar-to-biomass conversion.Įssential here fore is the parallel development of suitable tools and methodology that can analyze molecular composition, structure, and plasticity of intact photosynthetic membranes of plants and cells grown under various environmental conditions or in different functional states. Fast membrane remodeling is required to cope with sunlight fluctuations, while photosynthetic organisms may adjust their membrane compositions in adaptation to varying seasons or climates. Short- and long-term adaptation results in structural, dynamical changes varying from atomic-scale pigment and protein alterations to mesoscopic membrane rearrangements (Tardy and Havaux 1997 Cruz et al. Regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting is controlled by flexibility of the light-harvesting antenna from atomistic to supra molecular scale. The plasticity of oxygenic photosynthetic membranes is tightly connected with plant fitness in fluctuating environments and their capability to respond to stress in excess light or drought conditions. The experimental procedure is rapid and applicable to fresh cell cultures, and could be used as an original approach for detecting chemical profiles, and molecular structure and dynamics of photosynthetic membranes in vivo in functional states. We observe that thylakoid lipid signals dominate the lipid spectral profile of whole algae cells, demonstrating that with our novel method, thylakoid membrane characteristics can be detected with atomistic precision inside intact photosynthetic cells. A theoretical model for NMR polarization transfer was used to simulate the relative intensities of direct, J-coupling, and dipolar-based polarization from which the degree of lipid segmental order and rotational dynamics of the lipid acyl chains were estimated. 1D spectra were recorded over a physiological temperature range, and whole-cell spectra were compared to those taken from thylakoid membranes, evaluating their composition and dynamics. 1D 13C J-coupling based and dipolar-based MAS NMR spectra were applied to distinguish 13C resonances of different molecular components. cells were grown on 13C acetate-enriched minimal medium. We report the application of NMR dynamic spectral editing for probing the structure and dynamics of molecular constituents in fresh, intact cells and in freshly prepared thylakoid membranes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ( Cr.) green algae.